if I Am the Dreamer Then Thou Art the Dream Wall Art Sale
| English: Horst Wessel Song | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Former co-national canticle of  Frg | |
| Also known as | " Die Fahne hoch " (English: "Raise the Flag") |
| Lyrics | Horst Wessel, 1929 |
| Published | 1929 |
| Adopted | 1933 (1933) |
| Relinquished | 1945 (1945) |
| Preceded by | " Deutschlandlied " (as sole national anthem) |
| Succeeded by |
|
| Audio sample | |
| "Horst-Wessel-Lied" (1936 rendition)
| |
The " Horst-Wessel-Lied " ("Horst Wessel Song"; German: [hɔʁst ˈvɛsl̩ liːt] ( 
listen )), also known by its opening words " Die Fahne hoch " ("Enhance the Flag", lit. 'The Flag High'), was the anthem of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) from 1930 to 1945. From 1933 to 1945, the Nazis made information technology the co-national canticle of Germany, forth with the first stanza of the " Deutschlandlied ".[1]
The " Horst-Wessel-Lied " has been banned in Germany and Republic of austria since the terminate of Globe State of war II.
History [edit]
Horst Wessel, credited equally writing the lyrics of the "Horst Wessel Song"
The lyrics to "Horst-Wessel-Lied" were written in 1929 by Sturmführer Horst Wessel, the commander of the Nazi paramilitary "Brownshirts" (Sturmabteilung or "SA") in the Friedrichshain district of Berlin. Wessel wrote songs for the SA in witting false of the Communist paramilitary, the Cerise Front Fighters' League, to provoke them into attacking his troops, and to go along up the spirits of his men.[2]
Horst Wessel [edit]
Wessel was the son of a pastor and educated at degree level, but was employed as a construction worker. He became notorious amid the Communists when he led a number of SA attacks into the Fischerkiez, an extremely poor Berlin district, which he did on orders from Joseph Goebbels, who was and then the Nazi Gauleiter (regional party leader) of Berlin.[iii] Several of these incursions were only minor altercations, just i took place exterior the tavern which the local German Communist Party (KPD) used as its headquarters. As a effect of that melee, five Communists were injured, four of them seriously. Communist newspapers accused the police force of letting the Nazis get away while absorbing the injured Communists, while Nazi newspapers claimed that Wessel had been trying to requite a oral communication when Communists emerged and started the fight.[3] Wessel'south confront was printed together with his address on Communist street posters.[two] The slogan of the KPD and the Crimson Front Fighters' League became "strike the fascists wherever you find them."[3]
Wessel moved with his partner Erna Jänicke into a room on Große Frankfurter Straße.[iv] The landlady was the widowed Mrs Salm, whose husband had been a Communist. After a few months there was a dispute betwixt Salm and Wessel over unpaid hire. Salm requested Wessel's partner to get out merely Jänicke refused. Salm appealed to Communist friends of her late hubby for help.[5] [six] [7] Shortly thereafter on 14 January 1930, Wessel was shot and seriously wounded by two Communist Party members, 1 of whom was Albrecht "Ali" Höhler.[2] [8] [ix] Wessel died in hospital on 23 Feb from blood poisoning, which he contracted during his hospitalisation.[viii] [9] Höhler was tried in courtroom and sentenced to six years' imprisonment for the shooting.[ten] He was taken out of prison under false pretenses by the SA and shot dead three years later, later the Nazi accession to national power in 1933.[2] [eleven]
Nazi Party anthem [edit]
Joseph Goebbels, the Nazi Gauleiter and owner and editor of the newspaper Der Angriff (The Set on), had fabricated several attempts to create Nazi martyrs for propaganda purposes, the commencement being an SA man named Hans-Georg Kütemeyer, whose torso was pulled out of a canal the morning after he attended a oral communication by Hitler at the Sportpalast. Goebbels attempted to spin this into an assassination by Communists, just the overwhelming evidence showed it to have been suicide, and he had to drop the affair.[12] Thus, Goebbels put considerable try into mythologizing Wessel'southward story, fifty-fifty as the man lay dying. He met with Wessel'due south female parent, who told him her son's life story, his hope for a "better earth", and his try to rescue a prostitute he had met on the street. Goebbels saw Wessel as an "idealistic dreamer".[4]
Wessel himself had undergone an operation at St. Joseph's Infirmary which stopped his internal haemorrhage, but the surgeons had been unable to remove the bullet in his cerebellum. Wessel was brought to his mother's abode to die. In his diary, Goebbels described Wessel'south entire face as being shot up and his features distorted, and claimed that Wessel told him "Ane has to keep going! I'chiliad happy!" After a menstruum where his condition stabilized, Wessel died on 23 February.[four]
Goebbels consulted Hermann Göring and others in the political party on how to respond to Wessel's death. They declared a period of mourning until 12 March, during which party and SA members would avoid amusements and Wessel's proper noun would exist invoked at all party meetings. Wessel'southward unit was renamed the Horst Wessel Tempest Unit of measurement 5.[four]
From a mashup of fact and fiction, Goebbels' propaganda created what became 1 of the Nazi Political party's key martyr-figures of their movement. He officially declared Wessel'due south march, renamed as the " Horst-Wessel-Lied " ("Horst Wessel Vocal"), to be the Nazi Political party canticle,[13] [14] which aided in promoting Wessel as the first of many in the Nazi cult of martyrdom.[xv] Wessel was cached on 1 March 1930. Reverse to Nazi claims, in that location were no attacks on the funeral procession.[16] His funeral was filmed and turned into a major propaganda event past the NSDAP.[16] The "Horst Wessel Vocal" was sung by the SA at the funeral, and was thereafter extensively used at party functions, besides as sung by the SA during street parades.
Co-national anthem [edit]
When Adolf Hitler became the Chancellor of Deutschland in January 1933, the "Horst Wessel Song" became a national symbol by law on nineteen May 1933. The following year, a regulation required the right arm be extended and raised in the "Hitler salute" when the (identical) get-go and 4th verses were sung. Nazi leaders tin exist seen singing the song at the finale of Leni Riefenstahl'south 1935 flick Triumph of the Will. Hitler likewise mandated the tempo at which the song had to be played.[17]
Some Nazis were extremely sensitive about the uses to which the "Horst Wessel Song" was put. For instance, a bandleader who wrote a jazz version of the song was forced to leave Frg, and when Martha Dodd, the daughter of William E. Dodd, at the time the US ambassador to Germany, played a recording of an unusual arrangement of the song at her birthday political party at the Ambassador's residence in 1933, a young Nazi who was a liaison between the German Foreign Ministry and Hitler's Chancellery, turned off the record player, announcing "This is not the sort of music to be played for mixed gatherings and in a flippant fashion."[18] The song was played in some Protestant places of worship, equally some elements of the Protestant Church in Germany had accepted the Horst Wessel cult, built as it was by Goebbels on the model of Christian martyrs of the past.[19]
Postal service World War 2 [edit]
With the end of the Nazi regime in May 1945, the "Horst Wessel Song" was banned. The lyrics and tune are now illegal in Federal republic of germany, with some limited exceptions. In early on 2011, this resulted in a Lower Saxony State Constabulary investigation of Amazon.com and Apple Inc. for offering the song for auction on their websites. Both Apple and Amazon complied with the government'due south request, and deleted the song from their offerings.[20]
A special marine commando unit of measurement inside the Chilean Navy uses the same tune every bit the Horst-Wessel-Lied with different lyrics called "Himno de la Agrupación de Comandos IM no. 51".[21]
Lyrics [edit]
The words to the "Horst Wessel Vocal" were published in September 1929 in the Nazi Party's Berlin newspaper, Der Angriff (The Attack) which Joseph Goebbels owned and ran.
Hitler Youth giving the Hitler salute; Germans were required by law to make the salute during the singing of the "Horst Wessel Song"[22]
Die Fahne hoch! Die Reihen fest geschlossen![a]
SA marschiert mit ruhig festem Schritt.[b]
|: Kam'raden, die Rotfront und Reaktion erschossen,
Marschier'n im Geist in unser'northward Reihen mit. :|
Die Straße frei den braunen Bataillonen.
Die Straße frei dem Sturmabteilungsmann!
|: Es schau'n aufs Hakenkreuz voll Hoffnung schon Millionen.
Der Tag für Freiheit und für Brot bricht an! :|[c]
Zum letzten Mal wird Sturmalarm geblasen![d]
Zum Kampfe steh'north wir alle schon bereit!
|: Schon flattern Hitlerfahnen über allen Straßen.[e]
Die Knechtschaft dauert nur noch kurze Zeit! :|
(echo commencement stanza)
Enhance the flag! The ranks tightly closed!
The SA marches with calm, steady step.
|: Comrades shot past the Red Front and reactionaries
March in spirit within our ranks. :|
Clear the streets for the chocolate-brown battalions,
Clear the streets for the storm partition human!
|: Millions are looking upon the swastika full of hope,
The mean solar day of freedom and of staff of life dawns! :|
For the last time, the call to arms is sounded!
For the fight, nosotros all stand up prepared!
|: Already Hitler's banners wing over all streets.
The time of bondage will last but a niggling while now! :|[23]
- ^ Also: "dicht geschlossen"/"sind geschlossen"
- ^ Also: "mutig festem"
- ^ As well: "Tag der Freiheit"
- ^ Likewise: "Sturmappell"
- ^ Too: "Schon baldheaded flattern Hitlerfahnen über Barrikaden"
The Rotfront, or "Ruddy Front end", was the Rotfrontkämpferbund, the paramilitary organisation of the Communist Party of Deutschland. The Nazi SA, also known as the "dark-brown shirts" and the Communist Red Front end fought each other in violent street confrontations, which grew into nigh open warfare after 1930. The "reactionaries" were the bourgeois political parties and the liberal democratic German government of the Weimar Republic period, which fabricated several unsuccessful attempts to suppress the SA. The "fourth dimension of bondage" refers to the menstruation afterwards the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, in which the victorious powers imposed huge reparations on Germany, stripped her of her colonies in Africa, Asia and the Pacific Ocean, some of which became League of Nations mandates, gave parts of Germany to Kingdom of belgium, Denmark, France, Poland, and Lithuania, and occupied the Rhineland.
The line Kameraden, dice Rotfront und Reaktion erschossen is technically cryptic. It could either hateful Kameraden, die von Rotfront und Reaktion erschossen wurden ("Our comrades who were shot dead past the Ruby-red Front and Reactionaries") or Kameraden, welche die Erschießung von Rotfront und Reaktion durchführten ("Our comrades who have shot the Red Forepart and Reactionaries dead"). In spite of this obvious syntactic trouble, which was mentioned by Victor Klemperer in his LTI – Lingua Tertii Imperii, the line was never changed. The following line Marschier'n im Geist in unser'due north Reihen mit (March in spirit inside our ranks) however indicates that the aforementioned comrades are deceased, advocating the starting time estimation.
Some changes were fabricated to the lyrics after Wessel's death:
| Stanza 1, line 2 | SA marschiert mit mutig-festem Schritt | The tempest battalion march with bold, firm footstep. |
| Stanza 3, line ane | Zum letzten Mal wird nun Appell geblasen! | The phone call is sounded for the last time! |
| Stanza 3, line 3 | Baldheaded flattern Hitlerfahnen über Barrikaden | Shortly Hitler's banners will palpitate in a higher place the barricades |
After Wessel'due south decease, new stanzas were added, equanimous in his honour. These were often sung by the SA but did not become function of the official lyrics used on party or state occasions.
| Sei mir gegrüßt, Du starbst den Tod der Ehre! Die Fahnen senkt vor Toten, dice noch leben | Receive our salute; you lot died an honorable death! The flags are lowered before the expressionless who still live |
Melody [edit]
After Wessel's death, he was officially credited with having composed the music besides as having written the lyrics for the "Horst Wessel Song". Between 1930 and 1933, however, German critics disputed this, pointing out that the melody had a long history. "How Bang-up Thou Fine art" is a well-known hymn of Swedish origin[24] with a similar tune for instance.[ commendation needed ] Criticism of Horst Wessel as author became unthinkable after 1933, when the Nazi Party took control of Germany and criticism would likely exist met with severe punishment.
The near likely immediate source for the tune was a song popular in the Royal German Navy during World State of war I, which Wessel would no dubiousness take heard being sung by World War I veterans in the Berlin of the 1920s. The vocal was known either by its opening line equally Vorbei, vorbei, sind all die schönen Stunden or equally the " Königsberg-Lied ", after the German cruiser Königsberg, which is mentioned in 1 version of the song'southward lyrics. The opening stanza of the song is:
| Vorbei, vorbei sind all die schönen Stunden | Gone, gone are all the happy hours |
In 1936, the German music critic Alfred Weidemann published an article, in which he identified the melody of a song composed in 1865 by Peter Cornelius as the "Urmelodie" (source-melody).[25] Co-ordinate to Weidemann, Cornelius described the melody every bit a "Viennese folk melody". This appeared to him to exist the ultimate origin of the melody of the "Horst Wessel Song".[26]
Far-right use outside Germany [edit]
During the 1930s and 1940s, the "Horst Wessel Vocal" was adjusted by fascist groups in other European countries.[27]
British Union of Fascists [edit]
One of the marching songs of the British Union of Fascists, known as The Marching Song or Comrades, the Voices was set to the same tune, and its lyrics were to some extent modelled on the song, though highly-seasoned to British Fascism.[28] Instead of referring to martyrs of the party, it identifies Great britain's war dead every bit those marching in spirit against the "carmine front and massed ranks of reaction".[29]
Comrades, the voices of the dead battalions,
Of those who fell, that Britain might be slap-up,
𝄆 Join in our song, for they nevertheless march in spirit with usa,
And urge us on to gain the fascist state! 𝄇
We're of their blood, And spirit of their spirit,
Sprung from that soil, for whose dear sake they bled,
𝄆 Against vested powers, Red Forepart, and massed ranks of reaction,
We lead the fight for freedom and for breadstuff! 𝄇
The streets are still, the final struggle's ended;
Flushed with the fight, we proudly hail the dawn!
𝄆 Meet, over all the streets, the fascist banners waving,
Triumphant standards of our race reborn! 𝄇
Croatian Fascists [edit]
In modern Croatia, members of various far-right movements consider the accommodation written by Jan Zadravec, chosen "Hrvatski Stijeg" (The Croatian Banner), to exist their unofficial anthem.[30]
| Vije se stijeg i legije predvodi. Nek vidi se, nek cijeli svijet ga znade. I sorry ko tad, kad vrag nam opet prijeti; | The flag flies high and guides the legions. Permit it be seen, may the whole world know it. So now every bit so, when the enemy threatens once more; |
Falange fascist movement [edit]
In Spain, the Falange fascist movement sang to the same tune:
| Despierta ya, burgués y socialista, Por el honor, la Patria y la justicia, La juventud está en nuestras filas, | Blue shirt, the yokes and arrows Wake up now, burgeois and socialist, For honour, Fatherland, and justice, The youth is in our ranks, |
(Note that this was a traditional Falange march, not a march of the original Falange. Information technology was sung by some of the volunteers of the 250th division, the División Azul, after the decease of José Antonio Primo de Rivera.)
Legion of French Volunteers Confronting Bolshevism [edit]
In Vichy France the members of the Légion des volontaires français sang:
| Nous châtierons les juifs et les marxistes, | We shall smite the Jews and the Marxists, |
Gold Dawn [edit]
In modern Greece, Aureate Dawn, an extreme right-wing party, uses the "Horst Wessel Song" with Greek lyrics[31] [32] in its gatherings or events such as the occasional public distribution of nutrient "to Greeks only",[33] while its leader, Nikolaos Michaloliakos, often uses the song's key stanzas (e.g. "The flags on high!") in his speeches.[34]
The lyrics of their version are:
| Από του Ολύμπου τη γρανιτένια όψη Ορθό το λάβαρο κι η νίκη μας προσμένει. Χτυπάτε αλύπητα, με λύσσα, με φοβέρα | From the granite face of Olympus The flag on high, victory awaits united states. Crush mercilessly, with awesome fury, |
All-Russian Fascist System [edit]
The All-Russian Fascist Organisation, founded in 1933, largely consisted of émigrés of the White Movement. It was led past Anastasy Vonsiatsky and was based in Connecticut, The states. The organisation dissolved afterward the The states entered World War 2. Vonsyatsky was arrested for violating the 1917 Espionage Act.
The lyrics of their version are:
| Заря близка, Знамёна выше, братья! Соратники! Нас ждёт земля родная! Рубашки чёрные, готовьтесь к бою! Победы день торжественный настанет, | The dawn is close, Banners on high, brothers! Comrades, our Motherland awaits us! Blackshirts, get set up to the battle! The victory solar day is coming gallantly, |
Patriotic People's Motility [edit]
The fascist Lapua Motility and its successor Patriotic People's Move of Finland sang a song to the melody of Horst Wessel Lied, translated by Otto Al'Antila:[35]
| Luo lippujen! Näin rinta rinnan kulkee Nyt tieltä pois, kun marssii joukko musta! Jo torvet soi nyt taistoon viime kerran, Luo lippujen! Näin rinta rinnan kulkee | Rally to the flags! Then the blackshirts march Make style, every bit the blackness grouping marches! The horns call united states of america to the terminal battle, Rally to the flags! And so the blackshirts march |
Parodies [edit]
Before 1933, the German Communists and the Social Democrats sang parodies of the "Horst Wessel Song" during their street battles with the SA. Some versions simply changed the political graphic symbol of the vocal:
| Die Fahne hoch, die Reihen fest geschlossen | The flag high! The ranks tightly airtight! |
Der Stahlhelm, or "The Steel Helmet", was a nationalist veterans' organisation closely aligned with the German National People's Party.
The Communist Party of Germany substituted completely new lyrics:
| Ernst Thälmann ruft uns auf die Barrikaden! | Ernst Thälmann calls united states to the barricades |
Ernst Thälmann was the KPD leader.
These versions were banned once the Nazis came to ability and the Communist and Social Democratic parties prohibited. Nevertheless, during the years of the Tertiary Reich the song was parodied in undercover versions, poking fun at the corruption of the Nazi elite. There are similarities between unlike texts as underground authors developed them with variations. Below are several versions.
| Die Preise hoch, die Läden dicht geschlossen | The prices loftier, the shops tightly closed |
Wilhelm Frick was the Interior Government minister, Baldur von Schirach was the Hitler Youth leader and Heinrich Himmler was caput of the SS and police force.
Another version was:
Die Preise hoch, dice Schnauze fest geschlossen,
Hunger marschiert in ruhig festem Schritt.
Hitler und Göbbels, uns're beiden Volksgenossen,
Hungern im Geist mit uns Proleten mit.
Im Arbeitsamt wird SOS geblasen,
Zum Stempeln steh'northward wir alle Mann bereit.
Statt Brot und Arbeit gibt der Führer uns nur Phrasen,
Und wer was sagt, lebt nur noch kurze Zeit.
Die Straße stinkt nach braunen Batallionen,
Ein Pöstchen winkt dem Sturmabteilungsmann.
Vielleicht verdient als Bonze morgen er Millionen,
Doch das geht uns 'nen braunen Scheißdreck an!
The prices loftier, the snouts firmly closed,
Hunger marches with a placidity, steady step.
Hitler and Göbbels, our ii comrades,
Starve in spirit forth with us proles.
In the unemployment benefits office SOS is sounded,
All we men stand up prepared to register equally unemployed.
Instead of bread and work, the Führer gives u.s. just phrases,
And whoever says anything lives just a little while.
The street stinks of the brown battalions,
A cushy job winks at the Stormtrooper.
Perchance tomorrow he'll be a fatty cat and get millions,
But that ways jack-shit to us.[36]
In the first year of Nazi rule radical elements of the SA sang their own parody of the song, reflecting their disappointment that the socialist element of National Socialism had not been realised:[37]
| Die Preise hoch, Kartelle fest geschlossen | The prices high, the cartels are tightly closed |
Kurt Schmitt was Economics Government minister between 1933 and 1935.
One of the best-known parodies was included in Bertolt Brecht's play Schweik in the Second World War (1943). Hanns Eisler composed a score for the "Kälbermarsch" (Calves' March):[38]
| Der Metzger ruft. Die Augen fest geschlossen | The butcher calls! The eyes tightly closed |
After Nazi Federal republic of germany'southward capitulation on 8 May 1945, which ended Earth War Ii, also equally Frg'south occupation of Eastern Europe, Germany was divided into iv occupation zones (British, French, US-American and Soviet). In the Soviet zone, a version of 'Die Preise hoch' became popular, targeting Communist functionaries:[39]
| Die Preise hoch die Läden fest geschlossen | The prices high, the shops firmly airtight |
The most notable English-language parody[forty] was written past Oliver Wallace to a similar tune and titled "Der Fuehrer's Face up" for the 1942 Donald Duck cartoon of the same proper name. It was the commencement hit record for Spike Jones. The opening lyrics give the flavour of the song:
When der Fuehrer says nosotros is de main race
We "Heil!" (pffft), "Heil!" (pffft) correct in der Fuehrer'southward face
Not to honey der Fuehrer is a bang-up disgrace
So nosotros "Heil!" (pffft), "Heil!" (pffft) right in der Fuehrer's face
Each "Heil!" is followed by a Bronx cheer.
In pop civilisation [edit]
- The New York Youth Symphony, after it discovered that a piece it had commissioned included a 45-second musical quote of the "Horst Wessel Song", abruptly canceled a Carnegie Hall functioning of Marsh u Nebuttya (Ukrainian: "March to Oblivion"), a 9-minute piece composed by Estonian-born Jonas Tarm, a 21-year-old junior at the New England Solarium of Music.[41] [42] The composer would not explicate his purpose in using the vocal in his piece, proverb "[I]t can speak for itself", only the orchestra said that the usage was not appropriate.[41]
- German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen's electronic and physical work titled, Hymnen includes a sample recording of the "Horst Wessel Song".[43] It premiered in Cologne, Germany, on xxx Nov 1967. It was also performed in New York'due south Combo Hall (now David Geffen Hall) and London's English Bach Festival among other international performances.
- The melody is used in Lukas Foss' Elegy for Anne Frank (1989) as a contorted march virtually three-quarters of the way through the work. This leads to an sharp silence after which the before theme returns.[44] [ citation needed ]
- The neofolk band Death in June released a recording of the "Horst Wessel Vocal" under the name "Brown Book" on their 1987 anthology of the aforementioned name.[45]
- The championship theme for Wolfenstein 3D has a rendition of the "Horst-Wessel-Lied",[46] recomposed by Bobby Prince and released for DOS on 5 May 1992.[47] [48]
- In 2003, a loftier school marching band from Paris, Texas, played the "Horst-Wessel-Lied" while waving a Nazi flag at a football game match at Hillcrest High Schoolhouse in Dallas. The performance coincided with the Jewish vacation of Rosh Hashanah. The functioning, which was meant to symbolize the history of World War II and as well included musical selections and flags from Nihon, France, the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, and the Us, was greeted with boos from the audition which threw objects at the band. The school superintendent apologized to the Dallas school district and removed the flag from futurity performances of the composition.[49]
Meet too [edit]
- "Giovinezza", hymn of the Italian National Fascist Party
- "Cara al Sol", anthem of the fascist Spanish Falange
- "Maréchal, nous voilà !", anthem of unoccupied Vichy France
- Music in Nazi Federal republic of germany
- Nazi songs
- German laws against modern apply of Nazi songs
- "Sturmlied"
- "Vorwärts! Vorwärts!", canticle of the Hitler Youth
References [edit]
Notes
- ^ Geisler, Michael E. "In the Shadow of Exceptionalism" in Geisler, Michael Eastward. (ed.) National Symbols, Fractured Identities: Contesting the National Narrative UPNE (2005). p. 71
- ^ a b c d Burleigh 2012, pp. 116–120.
- ^ a b c Reuth 1993, pp. 107–108.
- ^ a b c d Reuth 1993, pp. 111–113.
- ^ Burleigh 2012, p. 138.
- ^ Snyder 1997.
- ^ Siemens 2013, pp. 4–vii.
- ^ a b Siemens 2013, p. 3.
- ^ a b Longerich 2015, p. 123.
- ^ Siemens 2013, pp. 15–16.
- ^ Reuth 1993, p. 178.
- ^ Reuth 1993, p. 103.
- ^ Longerich 2015, p. 124.
- ^ Siemens 2013, pp. 3, xiv.
- ^ Broszat 1987, p. thirteen.
- ^ a b Siemens 2013, p. 17.
- ^ Spotts, Frederic. Hitler and the Power of Aesthetics Woodstock, New York: Overkill Printing, 2002. p. 272 ISBN 1-58567-345-5
- ^ Larson, Erik (2011) In the Garden of Beasts New York: Broadway Paperbacks pp. 146–47; 396 n.147 ISBN 978-0-307-40885-three citing Dodd, Martha (1939) Through Diplomatic mission Eyes New York: Harcourt Caryatid, p. 67, and Kater, Michael H. (February 1989) "Forbidden Fruit? Jazz in the Tertiary Reich", The American Historical Review five. 94 no. 1, p. 23
- ^ Siemens 2013, pp. 126–129.
- ^ "LKA ermittelt gegen Apple und Amazon", Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung, 3 February 2011
- ^ Himno de la Agrupación de Comandos IM no. 51 on YouTube
- ^ Kershaw, Ian. The "Hitler Myth": Image and Reality in the Third Reich Oxford:Oxford University Press, 1987. p. lx ISBN 0-19-282234-9
- ^ Lepage, Jean-Denis (2016) Hitler'south Stormtroopers: The SA, The Nazis' Brownshirts, 1922–1945. Frontline Books. pp. 57–58 ISBN 9781848324282
- ^ Lake, J. "Reverend Carl Boberg, Christian, How Great One thousand Art". christian-community-chapel.com. Archived from the original on 1 April 2008.
- ^ "Wer hat denn eigentlich wen erschossen?" by Volker Mall, Neue Musikzeitung, 11/98, Volume 47
- ^ Weidemann, Alfred. "Ein Vorläufer des Horst-Wessel-Liedes?" in Die Musik 28, 1936, pp. 911f. Cited by Wulf 1989, p. 270. Die Musik was published in Switzerland. Articles departing from the Nazi doctrine that Horst Wessel had originated both the lyrics and the tune could not be published in Nazi Germany.
- ^ "Die Fahne hoch". Retrieved 28 December 2015.
- ^ Grundy, Trevor (1998). Memoir of a Fascist Childhood: A Boy in Mosley'due south U.k.. William Heinemann Ltd. pp. 31–33. ISBN0434004677.
- ^ Salvador, Alessandro; Kjøstvedt, Anders K. (2017). New Political Ideas in the Backwash of the Great State of war. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 165–166. ISBN978-3-319-38914-1.
- ^ "Hrvatski Stijeg - Janovka". Hrvatski Stijeg - Janovka . Retrieved seven February 2022.
- ^ "Golden Dawn plays Nazi Anthem at nutrient handout", EnetEnglish.gr website, 25 July 2013
- ^ "Golden Dawn plays Nazi anthem at food handout", DawnOfTheGreeks website, 25 July 2013
- ^ "Gilded Dawn moves nutrient handout following police ban", Eleftherotypia, 24 July 2013
- ^ "Anniversary for Imia or for Hitler's ascent?", Zougla.gr, 31 Jan 2013 (in Greek)
- ^ Otto Al'Antila, Lakeus, xv.07.1936, nro 157, s. 1, Kansalliskirjaston digitaaliset aineistot
- ^ "Die Preise hoch" ("The prices high") lyrics from the MusicaNet website
- ^ Tooze, Adam (2006). The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy. London: Allen Lane. p. 71. ISBN0-7139-9566-1.
- ^ Dümling, Albrecht (1985). Laßt euch nicht verführen! Brecht und die Musik. München: Kindler. pp. 503f.
- ^ Naimark, Norman M. (1995). The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation 1945–1949. Cambridge: Belknap Press. ISBN0-674-78405-7.
- ^ Makamson, Collin (ndg) " 'Der Fuehrer's Face': 'The Great Psychological Song' of WWII" National WWII Museum
- ^ a b Smith, Jennifer (5 March 2015). "Youth Symphony Drops Commissioned Work, Cites Nazi Element". The Wall Street Journal.
- ^ Smith, Michael. "Youth Symphony Cancels Plan That Quotes 'Horst Wessel' Song", The New York Times, four March 2015
- ^ Maconie, Robin. "Stockhausen at lxx. Through the Looking Drinking glass", The Musical Times 139.1863 (1998): 4–11.
- ^ "Liner notes", Lukas Foss: Complete Symphonies
- ^ "Expiry in June: a Nazi ring? – Midwest Unrest" by Steven, libcom.org, 19 November 2006
- ^ "Wolfenstein Recalled in Germany – Updated". 23 September 2009.
- ^ Kushner, David (2004) Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture. New York: Random House. pp. 94–104 ISBN 9780812972153
- ^ "An Interview with ID Software". Game Bytes. No. 4. x August 1992.
- ^ "School apologizes for Nazi brandish by ring". CNN. i October 2003. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
Bibliography
- Broszat, Martin (1987) [1984]. Hitler and the Collapse of Weimar Federal republic of germany. Translated by Berghahn, V. R. Providence, Rhode Island: Berg Publishers. ISBN0-85496-517-3.
- Burleigh, Michael (2012). The 3rd Reich: A New History. Pan Macmillan. ISBN978-0330475501.
- Longerich, Peter (2015). Goebbels: A Biography. New York: Random Firm. ISBN978-1400067510.
- Reuth, Ralf Georg (1993) [1990]. Goebbels . Translated past Winston, Krishna. New York: Harcourt, Brace. ISBN0-15-136076-6.
- Siemens, Daniel (2013). The Making of a Nazi Hero: The Murder and Myth of Horst Wessel. I.B. Tauris. ISBN978-0857733139.
- Snyder, Louis (1997). "Horst Wessel (1907–1930)". The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich . Retrieved 13 Feb 2021 – via Jewish Virtual Library.
- Wulf, Joseph (1989). Musik im Dritten Reich. Eine Dokumentation. Frankfurt: Ullstein. ISBNthree-550-07059-4.
Further reading [edit]
- Boderick, George. "Das Horst-Wessel-Lied: A Reappraisal", International Folklore Review, vol. ten (1995): 100–127.
External links [edit]
- Text and melody (MIDI format), vocal (MP3 format), song (OGG format)
- Text of the German Criminal Code – Department 86 and Section 86a (in English)
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst-Wessel-Lied
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